A registry key can be thought of as being a bit like a file folder, but it exists only in the Windows Registry. Registry keys contain registry values , just like folders contain files. Registry keys can also contain other registry keys, which are sometimes referred to as subkeys.
Registry keys work the same way in all versions of Windows. There have been some changes in how you collapse and expand registry keys, but these were very minor and didn't affect their function. The Windows Registry is structured in a hierarchy, with the topmost registry keys referred to as registry hives. These have special rules attached to them, but they're registry keys in every other sense. The term "registry entry" can refer to any individual part of the Windows Registry like a hive or value but usually, it's synonymous with a registry key.
Items in the registry are structured in this way:. Let's look at a specific example from Registry Editor to help explain how registry keys work:. As you can see, the registry path shown above is divided into three sections, each separated by a backslash:.
Each section represents a single registry key, with the right-most one nested under the one prior, and so on. Registry keys are not case sensitive , which means it doesn't matter if letters are uppercase and lowercase; they can be written either way without affecting how they work.
Registry keys can be nested quite deeply. You can change how your Windows system functions on some very fundamental levels by adding, changing, and deleting registry keys. How to open the Windows registry. How to browse the Windows registry. How to edit a Windows registry value. How to delete a Windows registry value. Windows registry shorthand and abbreviations. Additional information. Note If you have restricted access to the Windows computer you're logged in to, you may not be able to access the Windows registry.
All the ports that this application creates on the WinSock Proxy server are written to a text log file. Note This entry must be added to the Registry manually. By using this value, applications such as FTP can set up an inbound socket.
In addition to the domain filtering entries already listed, additional Registry entries are created for domains and IP addresses where access has been granted or denied.
The path is:. Default: None Lists the domain names to which clients are denied or granted access. The URLs are separated by a space.
You must specify at least the following values for packet filtering to work correctly:. If another local address is needed, the Registry must be edited manually with the new local address. ICMP ports are 8 bits each.
If the value is 0x0, a port range is not specified. The default of 0x0 is the wildcard address of any remote host computer. Packet filter remote addresses are treated as network byte order in the Registry. For example, if the remote address is 1. If the mask uses ones in its address, then the remote address must match the defined mask in Proxy Server.
If the mask uses zeros in its address, then the remote address does not have to match. To use a mask that contains anything other than ones or zeros, you must manually edit this Registry value. If the value is 0, a port range is not specified. Typically, this list has at least one WAN adapter in it. If phonebook entries have been configured, this list contains those as well. If PFBindings is present, it must contain all other adapters, exclusive of the ones used by the phonebook entry, that are to have packet filtering as the LAT is not used.
If PFBindings is not present, packet filtering is done on the phonebook entry, if given, and every adapter whose primary address is not in the LAT. The following Registry values are valid for packet filtering alerting.
The following Registry path contains entries for configuring mail notification of alerts:. It is automatically enabled when packet filtering is turned on. If you change the Registry entry for one member server of the array, you must change the Registry entries for all other array member servers.
If this is not done, the array members will be out of synchronization and will not perform correctly. Each computer in an array has a corresponding subkey under MemberArray. For example, a computer with the name Mycomputer has a subkey under MemberArray with the name Mycomputer.
Each computer in the array has these Registry entries. It also sets how often downstream Proxy Server computers will check for configuration changes in the array.
The default is 50 minutes. If set to 1, enables Basic authentication. By using this value, other Proxy Server computers can tell whether the array information has changed without checking all other configuration information. If set to 1, the Proxy Server computer is a member of an array. If set to 0, no authentication is done. If set to 1, the user name is sent by using either Basic clear-text authentication or encrypted authentication. If set to 0, array members are not synchronized.
If set to 1, array members are synchronized. It is recommended that this value not be changed in the Registry as it must be replicated to all Proxy Server computers in the array.
This can be any value as long as it is specified in megabytes. Changing this value increases or decreases the load on a Proxy Server computer. For example, a value of 50 gives the server half of the normal load and a value of gives it 50 percent more than normal load assuming that the other machines in the cluster stay at percent. The Registry entries for chained arrays and backup routes are the same. It is mostly modified by application and system installers.
This key contains information gathered at runtime; information stored in this key is not permanently stored on disk, but rather regenerated at boot time. This key contains information about registered applications, such as file associations and OLE Object Class IDs, tying them to the applications used to handle these items. The design allows for either machine- or user-specific registration of COM objects.
The user-specific classes hive, unlike the HKCU hive, does not form part of a roaming user profile. This key stores settings that are specific to the currently logged-in user. Settings in this hive follow users with a roaming profile from machine to machine.
This key provides runtime information into performance data provided by either the NT kernel itself, or running system drivers, programs and services that provide performance data. This key is not stored in any hive and not displayed in the Registry Editor, but it is visible through the registry functions in the Windows API, or in a simplified view via the Performance tab of the Task Manager only for a few performance data on the local system or via more advanced control panels such as the Performances Monitor or the Performances Analyzer which allows collecting and logging these data, including from remote systems.
This key used only on Windows 95, Windows 98 and Windows Me. It contains information about hardware devices, including Plug and Play and network performance statistics.
The information in this hive is also not stored on the hard drive. The Plug and Play information is gathered and configured at startup and is stored in memory. Registry values are referenced separately from registry keys.
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