In the later part of his reign, Diocletian began an important reform, separating military from civil power in frontier provinces. Senators remained excluded from military commands. But a huge programme of building and reconstruction of defensive works was undertaken on all frontiers, and they were to be held by sheer force of numbers; the size of the Roman army was perhaps nearly doubled.
The army and the increase of administrative personnel were a heavy financial burden. Diocletian reformed the system of taxation to take inflation into account and to regularize exactions in kind. Most revenue and expenditure was now in kind. By the Currency Edict Diocletian attempted to create a unified currency, doubling the value of at least some coins, but he could not establish confidence in this revaluation.
Late in he tried to halt inflation by the Price Edict. In great detail it fixed maximum prices and wages; despite savage penalties it became a dead letter, as goods disappeared from the market. Many legal decisions show Diocletian's concern to maintain or resuscitate Roman law in the provinces. He was an enthusiast for what he understood of Roman tradition and discipline, to reinforce imperial unity.
This policy forms the backdrop to the persecution of Christians, undertaken possibly on the insistence of Galerius. See christianity.
Pertanto a partire dal come attestato da un'iscrizione rinvenuta in Egitto l'imposizione fiscale venne fondamentalmente incentrata sul pagamento per individuo e per lotto di terra. Tuttavia non tutte le riforme di Diocleziano ebbero gli effetti sperati e alcune di esse fallirono mentre l'imperatore era ancora al potere come l'Editto sui prezzi massimi , il cui scopo era di controllare l'inflazione dovuta alla svalutazione monetaria tramite l'introduzione di prezzi calmierati, che fu invece contro-produttivo e rapidamente dimenticato.
Ele governou de c. Uma assembleia com militares e oficiais foi convocada por Diocleciano no ano para que ele renunciasse por estar velho e doente demais.
Han tog kejsarnamnet Jovius. Under Diocletianus stod den sista striden mellan kristendomen och statsmakten i romarriket, innan kristendomen blev statsreligion. Statue of a male head wearing a diadem en. Diocles en. Salona en. Aspalathos en. Diocletian's Palace. Co-reign en Solo-reign en. Hercules mosaic, Aquincum. Statue of the tetrarchs of Venice.
Mosaics of the Villa del Casale, Piazza Armerina. The triumphal arch of Constantine. The Colossus of Constantine I. Colossal bronze statue of Constantine I. Maxentius and Maximian both then declared themselves Augusti. By , there were therefore no fewer than four claimants to the rank of Augustus Galerius, Constantine, Maximian and Maxentius , and only one to that of Caesar Maximinus.
Maximian was to retire, and Maxentius was declared an usurper. This agreement proved disastrous: by Maxentius had become de facto ruler of Italy and Africa even without any imperial rank, and neither Constantine nor Maximinus—who had both been Caesares since and , respectively—were prepared to tolerate the promotion of the Augustus Licinius as their superior. However, four full Augusti all at odds with each other did not bode well for the tetrarchic system.
Between and , most of the claimants to the imperial office died or were killed in various civil wars. Galerius died naturally in Maxentius was defeated by Constantine at the Battle of the Milvian Bridge in , and subsequently killed.
Maximinus committed suicide at Tarsus in , after being defeated in battle by Licinius. By , therefore, there remained only two emperors: Constantine in the west and Licinius in the east.
The tetrarchic system was at an end, although it took until for Constantine to finally defeat Licinius, reunite the two halves of the Roman Empire, and declare himself sole Augustus.
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