Sometimes status is ascribed and sometimes it is achieved. Therefore, status and role, both are interrelated. Statuses are occupied and roles are played. A role is the manner in which a given individual fulfills the obligations of a status and enjoys its privileges. Rol e and status point out two divergent interests: Status is a sociological concept and sociological phenomena.
On the other hand, role is a concept and a phenomenon of social psychology. Both are dynamic: Role changes with each new incumbent in a status. The status changes as the norms attached to it are altered. In course of time, new obligations and new responsibilities may be added to a status or old ones may be removed.
Sometimes more rigorous role-playing may expand the functions of a status. Though status and role are co-related, it is possible to have one without the other. A soldier earns the status of a good warrior by achievements in battle and by being brave.
A woman becomes a mother by having a baby. She also can acquire the status of widow by the death of her husband. In contrast, ascribed statuses are the result of being born into a particular family or being born male or female.
Being a prince by birth or being the first of four children in a family are ascribed statuses. We do not make a decision to choose them--they are not voluntary statuses. We do not pick the family we are born into nor do we usually select our own gender. Bill Clinton rose from relative poverty to the Presidency of the United States.
His life exemplifies the national ideal of a "self-made man". In contrast, his daughter was accorded special treatment while he was in the White House because of her ascribed status as the child of a president. Both achieved and ascribed statuses exist in all societies. However, some cultures choose to emphasize the importance of one or the other. In North America today, achieved statuses outside of the family are reinforced while ascribed ones are generally rejected.
Children are encouraged from an early age to be independent and self-reliant. They are told to better themselves in life.
This can be seen in the admiration of "self-made people" and in the somewhat negative image in the mass media of people who are rich only because they inherited it. This strong cultural bias has led to the enactment of anti-nepotism laws for government jobs. These make it a crime to hire and promote people because they are your relatives.
In addition, the North American emphasis on achieved status has led to an acceptance and encouragement of social class mobility and a rejection of gender and ethnicity based restrictions. Children are taught in school from an early age that, despite the fact that they may be from a poor family, male or female, they should aspire to get a good education, better themselves and their family economically, and even become a leader in society.
In India, ascribed, rather than achieved, social status has been strongly reinforced for more than 3, years and permeates most areas of life even today. Summary Introduction What Is a Society? Society and Culture Quiz Study Questions. Summary Status and Roles. Example: Status as student Role 1: Classroom: Attending class, taking notes, and communicating with the professor Role 2: Fellow student: Participating in study groups, sharing ideas, quizzing other students Status as employee Role 1: Warehouse: Unloading boxes, labeling products, restocking shelves Role 2: Customer service: Answering questions, solving problems, researching information Status as club president Role 1: Administrative: Running club meetings, delegating tasks to club members Role 2: Public: Distributing flyers, answering questions, planning community volunteer activities At any given time, the individual described above can also occupy the statuses of athlete, date, confidant, or a number of others, depending on the setting.
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Ascribed status is typically based on sex, age, race, family relationships, or birth, while achieved status may be based on education, occupation, marital status, accomplishments, or other factors. Every status is part of our social identity. When the expectations of two or more roles are incompatible, role conflict exists. For example, a supervisor at a factory may feel strain due to his or her role as friend and mentor to the subordinate employees, while having to exhibit a stern and professional watchful eye over the employees.
Role strain occurs when a person has difficulty meeting the responsibilities of a particular role in his or her life. Role conflict is when a person has contradictions between roles corresponding to two or more statuses. Role Stress- occurs when situations or aspects of the environment affect an individuals ability to carry out the perceived obligations of the role. According to Goode, there are several ways in which people can try to reduce the stress of navigating multiple social roles: Compartmentalizing.
People may try to not think about the conflict between two different roles.
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