This is to check whether they already have antibodies to TB see 'More information about the vaccine' towards the bottom of the page. People with a past history of TB should not receive the vaccine. This is because they have an increased risk of adverse reactions to the vaccine. The bacterium used for the vaccine is called Mycobacterium bovis , which causes TB in animals such as cows and badgers.
The bacteria in the vaccine are weakened attenuated so that they do not cause disease in healthy people. Apart from the active ingredients the antigens , the vaccine also contains small amounts of the following ingredients:.
Other brands of BCG vaccine used in other countries may contain different ingredients. If you are not in the UK, ask for the Patient Information leaflet for the vaccine you are offered. As with any vaccine, medicine or food, there is a very small chance of a severe allergic reaction anaphylaxis.
It is always extremely serious but can be treated with adrenaline. Health care workers who give vaccines know how to do this. In the UK between and there were a total of reports of anaphylaxis following ALL immunisations. Around million doses of vaccines were given in the UK during this period. This means that the overall rate of anaphylaxis is around 1 in , See Vaccine side effects and adverse reactions for more information on why this is the case.
If you are concerned about any reactions that occur after vaccination, consult your doctor. See more information on the Yellow Card scheme and monitoring of vaccine safety. BCG vaccination is not recommended for adults Who could be vaccinated? For country specific incidence rates see the World Health Organisation TB country profile website external site. Newborn children of migrants who have arrived from countries with a high incidence of tuberculosis see definition above in the last 5 years, or newborn children who have household contact with people who have arrived from a high incidence country in the last 5 years.
Newborn children of parents with Leprosy or a family history of Leprosy. Children less than 6 years old who have not previously been vaccinated with BCG and are household contacts of newly diagnosed Leprosy case. Infants with a body mass below 2,g. Newborn children with suspected congenital immune deficiencies Persons who have had a tuberculin skin test TST reaction.
Persons who have TB disease now, or have had TB disease in the past. Persons with HIV infection; including newborn children of mothers infected with HIV until this infection is ruled out in the child. Newborn children of mothers treated in their third trimester with medications such as anti-TNF-alpha monoclonal antibodies.
These needle sticks are not deep, but they will cause some soreness and minor bleeding. You may have flu-like symptoms for up to 2 days after you receive BCG vaccine. Call your doctor at once if you have a fever of degrees F or higher. Within 10 to 14 days after receiving this vaccine, you should see small red bumps on your skin where the vaccine and needle device were placed.
This red area will gradually grow larger after 4 to 6 weeks, and then scale and fade. After 6 months you will most likely have little to no scar. BCG vaccine contains a live form of tuberculosis bacteria, which can "shed" from your injection site. This means that for a short time after you receive the vaccine, your vaccination sore will be contagious and could spread the bacteria to anything or anyone who touches it. Keep your vaccination sore loosely covered with clothing or a light gauze dressing for at least 24 hours.
Tell your doctor if you have any unexpected skin changes or severe irritation, lesions, or oozing where the needle sticks were placed. These reactions could occur up to 5 months after you received BCG vaccine. This vaccine is usually given as a single dose. You may need a repeat vaccine if your TB skin test is still negative 2 to 3 months after you received your first BCG vaccine. Get emergency medical help if you have signs of an allergic reaction: hives; difficult breathing; swelling of your face, lips, tongue, or throat.
Some side effects may occur up to 5 months after you receive BCG vaccine. These side effects may also last for several weeks. This is not a complete list of side effects and others may occur. There are about cases of TB in New Zealand each year. How can I protect my child from TB? The vaccine is given to your child as an injection in their upper arm.
When is the best time for my child to have the BCG vaccine? It is best for your child to have the vaccine within a few days of being born and up to six months old, but they can be vaccinated any time up to five years of age. If your child is older than six months, he or she will be tested to see if they have TB. Depending on the results of this test, your child may be offered the BCG vaccine. How do I get my child vaccinated? What happens after the vaccination? In 1 to 6 weeks, a small red blister may appear where the injection was given.
After 6 to 12 weeks, the blister may turn into a small, weeping sore. If this happens, cover the site with gauze to allow air to get in.
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